Gun Control Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 2

Gun Control - Essay Example There are several points and reasoning about the article that needs to be straightened out. The most disturbing is the justification that calling for gun control is not about the Second Amendment. They are already contradiction in terms and yet it was still used as a justification. The second fallacious argument that was used that also needs to be refuted is the argument that of U.S. Education Secretary Arne Duncan during the assembly of marchers that "This is about gun responsibility; this is about gun safety; this is about fewer dead Americans, fewer dead children" (Martinez and Scmidt) while it is being hinged on the premise that "More guns? More violence" and "Hey La Pierre. How about this? Keep the Bad guy from even getting a gun!" (in respose to NRA CEO Wayne Lapierre statement as "the only thing that stops a bad guy with a gun is a good guy with a gun") (Martinez and Scmidt). Gun control was being called upon in the demonstration as the solution to end violence because it is t hought of as tool of violence, it being a weapon that can indeed harm, mutilate and even kill an individual. The advocates and marchers of this solution posit that if the tools or weapons that were used in those crimes and incidence of violence did not become available, then violence will be reduced. While this may seem to be a plausible solution to reducing violence, gun control may pose a problem of infringing on our basic rights as Americans to bear arms as stated in the Second Amendment of the Bill of Rights contained in the Constitution of the United States of America which was negated during the march for gun control by saying that it was not about the Second Amendment. It is because the moment that gun control is cited, it already an attempt to abridge a right that is guaranteed in the Second Amendment is disturbing. If one will subscribe to the reasoning of the advocates of gun control, it was as if gun ownership is equated to evil and that it does not do anything good excep t perpetuate violence. Under this unreasonable onslaught, it would be important to cite how guns played in the creation of America to refute the argument that it evil and that the people we esteemed in history were in fact gun owners. Those who crafted our Constitution and laid the foundation of this country were even said to be gun aficionados. The venerable George Washington, the first President of this Republic was even a general who had guns and men under his command. And he was never accused of violence neither was there a slightest instance that those guns were used to inflict violence and unnecessary force. Those guns that he had were instead and in fact used to liberate and unite this country from the invading forces until our country became what it is today. Without guns, our country would still have been under British rule because we had no weapons to fight and repeal them. And George Washington is not an exception to those who owned a gun that never had the slightest semb lance of violence. Most founding fathers of this country were bearer of arms and almost every major historical event in this country that led to what it is today also involved guns. Imagine the Alamo when its defenders are without guns or Abraham Lincoln struggle to end slavery when his army did not have the firearms to assert his political will to end slavery against the

History And Evolution Of RFID Technology Information Technology Essay

History And Evolution Of RFID Technology Information Technology Essay Chapter 1 Radio Frequency Identification or RFID is the fastest growing technology in the world today. RFID is an automatic identification method that can remotely retrieve data using devices called RFID tags or transponders. RFID in wireless communication has evolved to the great advancement of wireless technology. This introduction of RFID into the mobile communication field has made the world a smaller place to live in. The technology which enables the electronic labeling and wireless identification of objects using radio frequency communications is RFID. RFID is also a subset of the broader area of automatic identification and data capture (AIDC) technologies. The advancement in different applications of RFID are emerging from current research ideas to concrete systems. RFID and mobile telecommunications are the services that provide information on objects equipped with an RFID tag over a telecommunication network. Tags are stationary and Readers are in mobile phone (mobile). RFID readers can simultaneously scan and also identify hundreds of tagged items. Diffusion of radio frequency identification (RFID) promises to enhance the added value of assistive technologies of mobile users. Visually impaired people may benefit from RFID- based applications that support users in maintaining spatial orientation through provision of information on where they are, and description of what lies in their surroundings. To investigate this issue, we have integrated our development for mobile device. With a complete support of RFID tag detection, and implemented an RFID enabled location-guide. The guide is an ecological guidance in mobile technology. This introduction of RFID into the mobile communication field has made the world a smaller place to live in. RFID is the base technology for ubiquitous network or computing and to be associated with other technologies such as telemetric, and sensors. The term RFID is used to describe various technologies that use radio waves to automatically identify people or objects. RFID technology is similar to the bar code identification systems we see in retail stores every day. However one big difference between RFID and bar code technology is that RFID does not rely on the line-of-sight reading that bar code scanning requires to work. 2.0 PROJECT OVERVIEW: The study of this project describes about the application of RFID in cinemas. The main study of the project is to check the authorized member or not enter the cinema using RFID application. We must check whether the person is authorized or not through RFID technology .In this project each person have one RFID card with the ticket when the person purchases the ticket so that person has right to enter the cinema .After entering the cinema the person can check the status whether it is screen1 or screen2 through RFID. Here RFID will read the data from card and compare data base and display the data. If the person is authorized means cinema(screen1 or 2) will open through door shepherd(stepper motor).Otherwise it will give message as this is not appropriate screen please check the other screen and it give a buzzer. Aims and Objectives: The main aim of the project is to explore the application of RFID in wireless communications. The main objectives are to develop a new application using the existing applications of RFID. DELIVERABLES: CHAPTER 2 Definition: The technology which enables the electronic labeling and wireless identification of objects using radio frequency communications is RFID. RFID is also a subset of the broader area of automatic identification and data capture (AIDC) technologies. RFID is an application of object connected data carrier technology with attributes that are complementary to other machine-readable data carrier technologies. RFID technologies provide strong potential for improving efficiency, productivity and/or competitiveness. RFID market increasing significantly, yielding lower costs and higher performance. RFID is about identifying and handling items Physical Materials Components and sub-assemblies Products Containers Physical carriers People Locations HISTORY AND EVOLUTION OF RFID TECHNOLOGY: Radio Frequency Identification or RFID is a technology that has existed for decades. At a simple level, it is a technology that involves tags that emit radio signals and devices called readers that pick up the signal. It was not until the 1980s that RFID applications began to appear in commercial applications, such as railroad freight car tagging, the tagging of cattle and rare dog breeds, key less entry systems and automatic highway toll collection. As there is improvement in the technology there has been reduction in the cost and size, and it has gained wide acceptance in warehouse management and manufacturing. First application to identify planes in world II using radar. 60s -Electronic article surveillance (EAS) used to identify whether an item has been paid or not using a 1 bit tag. 80s first automated toll payment systems. RFID has been used in mobile technology through which there had been a great advancement in this field. Korea is widely known that it has established one of the most robust mobile telecommunication networks. Korea has recognized the potential of RFID technology and has tried to converge with mobile phone. Convergence of three technologies: Radio frequency electronics: The research in the field of radio frequency electronics as applied to RFID was begun during World War 2 and continued through the 1970s. The RF electronics and antenna systems employed by RFID interrogators and tags have been made possible because of radio frequency electronic research and development. Information technology: The research in the field of information technology started in the mid 1970s and roughly continued through 1990s. interrogator and the host computer employ this technology. Networking of RFID systems and RFID interrogators has been made possible by research in this field. Material science: some of the breakthroughs in material science technology made the RFID tags cheaper to manufacture. By overcoming this cost barrier goes a long wayin making RFID technology commercially viable. Mile stones in RFID and speed of adoption: The development of RFID technology can be defined by the following time based summaries shown below: Pre- 1940s: Different scientists like faraday, Maxwell, hertz had yielded a complete set of laws of electromagnetic energy describing its nature. In the beginning of 1896 Watson, Baird and many others sought to apply these laws in radio communications and radars. So including RFID work done in this era form the building blocks upon which many technologies have been built. 1940s World war 2: Many advancements and improvements have been taken place during World War 2. Scientists and engineers continued their research increasingly in these areas. In 1948 Harry stockman published a paper on reflected power which is the closest thing to the birth of RFID technology. 1950s- Early exploration of RFID technology: Different technologies related to RFID were explored by researchers during 1950s. The US military began to implement early form of aircraft RFID technology called identification, Friend of Foe, or IFF. 1960s- Development of RFID theory and early field trials: RF Harrington did a lot of research in the field of electromagnetic theory and it is applied to the RFID. Passive data transmission techniques utilizing radar beams and interrogator- responder identification system introduced by Vogel man and J.P vindings. In the late 1960s sensormatic and checkpoints were founded to develop electronic article surveillance (EAS) equipment for anti-theft and security applications. These are 1-bit systems that mean these only detect in the presence of RFID tags rather than identifying them. Later EAS is the first widespread use of RFID. 1970s: Early adopter applications and an RFID explosion: There is a great deal of growth in RFID technology in 1970s based on the witnesses. All the academic institutions, companies and government laboratories are involved in RFID. In 1975 short range radio- telemetry for electronic identification using modulated backscatter was released. Big companies such as Raytheon, RCA started to develop electronic identification technology and by 1978 a passive microwave transponder is accomplished. Later the US federal administration convened a conference to explore the use of electronic identification technology in vehicles and transportation application too. By the end of the decade research in computers and information technology which is crucial to the development of RFID hosts, interrogators and networks has started as evidenced by the birth of PC and the ARPANET. 1980s- commercialization: This year brought about the first widespread commercial RFID systems. Personnel access systems, key less entry are some of the examples. In Norway the worlds first toll application was implemented and later in Dallas. In 1980s the implemented RFID systems were proprietary systems. So there is little competition in the RFID industry and that results in high cost and impeded industry growth. 1990s- RFID enters the main stream: In 1990 RFID finally started to enter the main stream of business and technology. In the middle of the year RFID toll systems operate at highway speeds. This means the drivers could pass through toll points un impeded by plazas or barriers. This results in the deployment of RFID toll systems in United States. TIRIS system was started by the Texas instruments which developed new RFID applications for dispensing fuel such as ski pass system and vehicle access systems. In the early 1990s the research in the information was well developed and evidenced by proliferation of PCs and internet. The materials technology advances and many of them related to semiconductor chip makers such as IBM, INTEL, MOTOROLA and AMD put cost effective tags on the horizon. At the end of the year large scale smart label tests had started. 2007 and Beyond: Item level tagging is implemented when there are no checkout scenario at large super markets. High value and high risk goods are the first to benefit from item level tagging. For example goods like pharmaceuticals and firearms. Smart shelves for select categories started to appear and smart appliances with embedded RFID technology come into the market place. OVERVIEW OF RFID TECHNOLOGY: Wireless radio communication technology is used by the RFID system to uniquely identify the people or tagged objects. RFID system consists of three basic core components RFID tag RFID Reader Controller TAG: Tag can also be called as transponder which consists of a semi conductor chip and sometimes a battery. The life time of a battery in a active tag is limited by the number of read operations and the amount of energy stored. http://www.tutorialsweb.com/rfid/rfid-1.gif READER: Reader can also be called as interrogator or a read/write device, which consists of antenna, an RF electronics module and a control electronics module. http://hackedgadgets.com/wp-content/RFID_Reader_preliminaryCons.jpg CONTROLLER: Controller can also be called as host which acts as a work station running data base and control which is often called as middle ware software. FUNCTION OF RFID TAG: Tag stores the data and transmits data to the interrogator. The electronic chip and antenna present in tag are combined in a package to form a usable tag as a packaging label fixed to a box. The chip contains memory where the data stored is read or written too in addition to other important circuitry. Tags are of two types Active tags Passive tags [RFID-tags.bmp] Active tags: Tags are said to be Active if they are having an on-board power source called battery. When the tag requires transmitting the data to the interrogator, tag uses the source to derive the power for the transmission. This is same as the mobile phone which uses a battery so that the information is transmitted over longer ranges and communicates with less powerful interrogators. These tags have large memories up to 128 Kbytes. The life time of battery in the active tag can last from two to seven years. Passive tags: Tags which contain no on-board power source are called passive tags. To transmit the data they will get the power from the signal sent by the interrogator. Passive tags are of low cost and typically smaller to produce than active tags. Differences between Active tags and Passive tags: Active tags are self powered where as Passive tags is not having their own power source. The maximum distance that the Passive tags generally operate is 3 meters or less where as Active tags can communicate with 100 meters are more away. Passive tags require more signal from the reader than the Active tag. Active tags are better suited than passive tags when the collection of tags needs to be simultaneously read. The reader talks first in the passive tag, the RFID tag is a server where as in the case of Active tags communications can be initiated by either the tag or the reader. FUNCTION OF RFID READER: RFID readers convert the returned radio waves from the RFID tag into a form that can be passed on to controllers, which can make use of it. The RFID tags and readers should be tuned to the same frequency in order to communicate. 125KHZ frequency is most commonly used or supported by Reader. FUNCTION OF A CONTROLLER: The brains of any RFID system are RFID controllers. Controllers are used to network multiple RFID interrogators combined and to process the information centrally. In any network the controller should be a application software or workstation running data base. Controller uses the information gathered by the interrogators when new inventory is needed in retail application and alert the suppliers. FREQUENCY: Frequency of operation is the key consideration as the television broadcast in a VHF or a UHF band. RFID Frequency Table In RFID there are two types of bands low frequency and high radio frequency bands in use Low frequency RFID bands: Low frequency (LF): 125-134 kHz High frequency (HF): 13.56 MHz High frequency RFID bands: Ultra- high frequency (UHF): 860-960 MHz Microwave: 2.5GHz and above Frequency plays a prominent role because several characteristics of an RFID system are affected by the choice of frequency. CHARACTERISTICS OF AN RFID SYSTEM: The following are the characteristics of an RFID system: Read range Interference from other radio systems Data rate Antenna size and type Read range: For the lower frequency bands the read ranges of passive tags are not more than couple feet because of poor antenna gain. The electromagnetic wavelength is very high at lower frequencies. At high frequency there is increase in the read range especially where active tags are used. Here because of high frequency bands that leads to health concerns in human, most regulating bodies. So the range of these high frequency systems reduced from 10 to 30 feet on average in the case of passive tags. Interference from other radio systems: The fact is that LF frequencies do not experience path loss and the operating systems in the LF band are particularly vulnerable. The radio signals operating at same LF frequency will have high strength at the antenna of a RFID interrogator, which can translate into interference. Data rate: RFID systems have low data rate operating in the LF band. With frequency of operation there is increase in the data rate reaching the Mbit/s range at microwave frequencies. Antenna size and type: The size has to be made larger than UHF for the antennas of LF and HF systems to achieve comparable signal gain. Te type of antenna is decided by the frequency of operation. Loop type antennas are used at LF and HF and they are also called as inductive coupling and inductive antennas. Capacitive coupling is used at UHF and microwave frequencies and dipole type antennas are used. RFID SMART LABELS: The next generation of bar code is the RFID smart labels. Smart label is nothing but a RW transponder that has been incorporated in a printing packaging label. These smart labels are quick to read, easily applied, unconstructive, disposable and cheap. There are some measures by which RFID smart labels not stack up to bar codes such as technological maturity, price and ease of implementation. The benefits of smart labels over bar code systems started to outweigh the short comings and the cost of implementing smart label solutions a cost effective technology. SMART LABELS vs. BAR CODES: Bar coding system uses laser light as a data carrier where as RFID and smart labels uses radio waves to carry information. Bar code is referred as optimal technology and RFID is called radio frequency or RF technology. COMPARISION OF RFID TO BARCODES: Memory size/ Data storage: Bar codes hold only limited amount of data. It holds just a few bytes as data storage that is only 8 numerical characters. They are UPCE symbols. The data matrix of the bar code system permits the storage of 2000 ASCII characters on a two dimensional tag and these are these are used rarely. RFID tags can hold far more information. Here RFID tags made with smaller memories to hold a few bytes but the present technology puts the upper limit at 128K bytes. Read/write: once they are printed barcodes cannot be modified again therefore bar coding is called RO technology. RFID tags such as smart tags have a specified addressable, writable memory which can be modified thousand times over the life of the tag and this is why RFID technology is more powerful. CHAPTER 3 LITERATURE REVIEW 1. INTRODUCTION:- Radio Frequency Identification or RFID is the fastest growing technology in the world today. RFID is an automatic identification method that can remotely retrieve data using devices called RFID tags or transponders. This introduction of RFID into the mobile communication field has made the world a smaller place to live in. RFID readers can simultaneously scan and also identify hundreds of tagged items. Diffusion of radio frequency identification (RFID) promises to enhance the added value of assistive technologies of mobile users. Visually impaired people may benefit from RFID- based applications that support users in maintaining spatial orientation through provision of information on where they are, and description of what lies in their surroundings. To investigate this issue, we have integrated our development for mobile device. With a complete support of RFID tag detection, and implemented an RFID enabled location-guide. The guide is an ecological guidance in mobile technology. RFID is the base technology for ubiquitous network or computing and to be associated with other technologies such as telemetric, and sensors. The term RFID is used to describe various technologies that use radio waves to automatically identify people or objects. RFID technology is similar to the bar code identification systems we see in retail stores every day. However one big difference between RFID and bar code technology is that RFID does not rely on the line-of-sight reading that bar code scanning requires to work. 2. BACKGROUND OF PROJECT: Radio Frequency Identification or RFID is a technology that has existed for decades. At a simple level, it is a technology that involves tags that emit radio signals and devices called readers that pick up the signal. 80s first automated toll payment systems. RFID has been used in mobile technology through which there had been a great advancement in this field. Korea is widely known that it has established one of the most robust mobile telecommunication networks. Korea has recognized the potential of RFID technology and has tried to converge with mobile phone. 3. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: The main aim of this project is to explore the application of RFID in wireless communications using RFID tags, readers , the computer and the internet. The specific objectives include; Study of existing applications of RFID. Expanding the application of RFID in wireless communications. Using the internet to further enhance the employee management system. 4. RFID APPLICATION FIELDS: Transportation, materials management, and security and access control. Currently, there are a variety of other applications for RFID in agriculture, construction, and athletics. Major RFID application domains include monitoring physical parameter, such as temperature or acceleration during fragile or sensitive products delivery, monitoring product integrity from factory to retail locations, utilizes for home and office automation. Now a day we have passive or active inexpensive RFID that makes these kind of sensors practical for tourist applications. For example, a museum explosion can place tags attached to each point of interest so that tourists can receive information about explosion in the right moment at right place. 5. FUTURE OF RFID TECHNOLOGY: RFID is said by many in the industry to be the frontrunner technology for automatic identification and data collection. The biggest, as of yet unproven, benefit would ultimately be in the consumer goods supply chain where an RFID tag attached to a consumer product could be tracked from manufacturing to the retail store right to the consumers home.   Many see RFID as a technology in its infancy with an untapped potential. While we may talk of its existence and the amazing ways in which this technology can be put to use, until there are more standards set within the industry and the cost of RFID technology comes down we wont see RFID systems reaching near their full potential anytime soon and RFID is expected to be the base technology for ubiquitous network or computing and to be associated with other technology such as telemetric, and sensors. 6. CHALLENGES OF MY RESEARCH: To develop an application of RFID where there is less human attention and to prevent more fraud. Developing an RFID solution that can interoperate with emerging standards for communication protocols, hardware platforms, and software interfaces. Implementing an RFID solution that is cost effective, leverages their existing supply chain investments, and gives them clear a return on investment (ROI). Preparing for the vast amounts of data generated by RFID. 7. PROBLEMS WITH RFID: Problems are divided into two parts 1. Technical problems 2. Privacy and ethics problems 7.1 Technical problems: Problems with RFID Standards RFID systems can be easily disrupted RFID Reader Collision RFID Tag Collision 7.2 Security, privacy ethics problems: RFID tags are difficult to remove 8. RESEARCH METHODS Conducting of a detailed survey of the various existing applications of RFID and monitoring systems used in the locality: At this stage the study of applications of RFID is to develop a real time application. The study about this will also determine the workers and employer attitude towards the monitoring system being used. To conduct this research a questionnaire will be formulated and distributed to various organizations in the locality. 9. RFID READER AND TAG COMMUNICATION FLOW DIAGRAM: 10. DESIGN OF RFID MONITORING SYSTEM: The design solution for the employee monitoring system based on a selected land size of 500 meters by 500 meters with ten buildings, 3 of which are administrative, 3 are production centers, 2 are general purpose building, 1 is a mess and 1 is the car park area. The designer will determine the best places to install the RFID receivers. It is assumed that the workers will be carrying RFID tags in form of a card. When a worker enters the gate, the receiver at the gate takes his number, records it and stores this value in a database. The time of entering is also noted and entered in the database. When he/she goes to his area of work, say, the production area the receiver there takes his number and stores it plus the time he has entered. Based on all the data collected, the developed software produces a summary of the time and place the worker has visited in the firm. Visitors are also given special tags. 11. PREVIOUS WORK: RFID is a rapidly developing automatic wireless data collection technology. Firstly we have multi-bit functional passive RFID systems with the range of several meters. Recently it has experienced a tremendous growth due to developments in integrated circuits and radios and due to increased interest from the retail industrial and government. Key volume applications of RFID technology in markets such as access control sensors and metering applications, payment methods, document tracking. Previously they were using radars to warn off approaching planes while they were still miles away however it is impossible to distinguish enemy planes from allied ones and after that crude method is implemented by germans for identifying the planes. So with the increasing technology further research of RFID is done using RFID tags and readers which is similar to barcode. VARIOUS EXISTING APPLICATIONS OF RFID: The following are some of the applications of RFID: Vehicle anti theft system uses radio frequency identification system. Application of RFID technology on tires tracking. Application of RFID in automotives. Supply chain management uses RFID in retail industries. Mobile health care service system using RFID. Application of RFID in animal tracking. Application of RFID in asset tracking. BRIEF STUDY OF THE APPLICATIONS OF RFID: Vehicle anti theft system uses radio frequency identification system: As there are many car and light van thefts which are increasing alarmingly all around the world the new guide lines were implemented by the insurance companies, are being set for vehicle manufacturers to make their products secure. A new passive anti theft security system (PATS) is developed by ford registration and identification system (TIRIS) which is a radio frequency technology which meets the new requirements. Working: There is a tamper-proof link between the drivers key and the ignition system. This system is based upon the tamper-proof electronic link. Each key has a tiny transponder which electronically links it to a specific vehicle. The tag which can be called as a transponder contains a unique identification code that is accessed by the radio signal from a transceiver unit in the car whenever someone tries to start the vehicle. Unless there is a proper ignition key with a transponder present the engine will not start, even if the ignition key is broken or bypassed. This is based up on RFID technology which adds a new level of theft protection to vehicle security systems which does not require any effort from the drivers. .

Joan of Arc :: Essays Papers

Joan of Arc2 Joan of Arc is a French national heroine and France’s patron saint. She was born on June 6, 1412. Her nickname was The Maid of Orleans in honor of her victory against the British. She was the daughter of prosperous peasants Jacques Darc and Isabelle de Vouthon, who were farmers, from the village of Doremy in Lorraine, close to the border of the kingdom of France. During her childhood she tended her father’s herds in the fields and was taught religion and housekeeping skills from her mother. Joan was a simple, illiterate peasant girl. She started having visions and hearing voices around the age of 13. The voices were later identified as those of St. Gabriel, St. Michael, St. Marguerite, and St. Catherine. This made her believe that God wanted France to be free from the British. The voices first told her to cut her hair, dress in a man’s uniform, and join the military. Then they told her to go to the land of France, and to raise siege in the city of Orleans, then to come to the aid of the Dauphin forces, heir to the French throne, and the kingdom of France. She told the captain of the dauphin’s forces about the voices. Joan was given her own troops and the rank of captain. Her first triumph was to lead a French army against the English, who had invaded the city of Orleans. In May 1429 she led her troops in a victory in the Battle of Orleans. Joan rescued France from what could have been a defeat in the Hundred Years War. Joan continued fighting the enemy along the Loine River. King Charles VII (seventh) was crowned king on July 17, 1429. At his coronation Joan was given a place of honor next to the king. She was later ennobled for her services to the country. Her supporters believed she was divinely inspired and supported her. But others saw her as an agent of the devil and wanted her to be tried as a witch. Despite the people who didn’t believe her she still believed that her visions were sent from God. She was captured about May 23,1430 at Crecy by the Burgundians fighting on the English’s side. She was then sold to the English when her king did not ransom her. She was tried by an ecclesiastical court from January to May of the next year on charges of witchcraft and heresy.

Bulletin Board with Wireless Digital Display Essay

This project aims to create a wireless transmission of data to a bulletin board for announcements, advertisements and posting of any kinds of informative statements that will be useful for readers, employees and students. 2.1 Problem Statement Electronic bulletin board cannot update information time by time. Our system can provide ready-made templates so that time by time, we can change the appearance base on the activity to be posted. Especially the proponent’s device can provide a wireless transmission of data to bulletin board with different displays. To achieve the goal, the proponents will be addressing the following problems. 2.1.1 General Problem How to create a PC based Bulletin Board with Wireless Digital Display System? 2.1.2 Specific Problems 2.1.3.1 How to create a wireless device that can send data from a computer to a monitor? In updating the posts in the bulletin board, the in-charge personnel need to go over the bulletin board personally just to change and update the posts. 2.1.3.2 How to create the software for the messages to be displayed? In manual updating of information in the bulletin board, the posts should be printed in the paper before posting. 2.1.3.3 How to create log-in module system for the security of the user? Unauthorized person could access the information to be posted in the bulletin board. 2.1.3.4 How to create a module that can control the messages to be displayed? It consumes time updating the information to be posted in the bulletin board, the authorized personnel is required to update the post in a timely manner. 2.1 Proposed Research Project 2.2.1 General Objectives To create a PC based Bulletin Board with Wireless Digital Display System. The proponents will create a device that provides a wireless transmission of data to bulletin boards with different display. 2.2.2 Specific Objectives 2.2.3.1 To create a wireless device that can send data from a computer to a monitor. The proponents will be using a Wi-Fi router for the transmission of data for the LCD display and will create a RF transmitter for the transmission of data for the LED display. 2.2.3.2 To create the software for the messages to be displayed. The proponents will be using Flash Software for the manipulation of the messages to be displayed in the bulletin board. 2.2.3.3 To create log-in system for the security of the users. The proponents will create a log-in system by using Visual Basic 6.0 for the security of the bulletin board. 2.2.3.4 To create a module that can control the messages to be displayed. The proponents will create a module using Visual Basic 6.0 that can control multiple displays in the bulletin board. 2.2.3 Scope and Limitations Scope: * The system can accommodate multiple displays with a single controller. * The system can display static and scrolling messages. * The system can stream videos through a wireless transmission. * The system has a default screen messages. * The information to be displayed is queued. * The controller sends information in an LCD and LED display wirelessly. Limitations: * Distance of the controller from the monitor is limited. * Editing of messages is done manually by a duly authorized person. * This bulletin board is for indoor purposes only. 2.2 Methodology The proponents will be using the cycle of PROTOTYPING METHOD to accomplish the project. PROTOTYPING METHOD a. Requirements Analysis A prototyping model begins with requirements analysis, and the requirements of the system are defined in detail. The user is interviewed in order to know the requirements of the system. b. Design When requirements are known, a preliminary design or quick design for the system is created. It is not a detailed design, however, and includes the important aspects of the system, which gives an idea of the system to the user. c. Paper Design Information gathering from quick design is modified to form a prototype. It represents a ’rough’ design of the required system. d. Prototyping A partially developed product that enables customer and developers to examine some aspect of the proposed system and decide if it’s suitable or appropriate to the finish product. e. Construction The process of combining ideas into a congruous object of thought that based on the paper design. Satisfying certain conditions as part of solving a problem. f. Unit and integration testing The phase in software testing in which individual software modules are combined and tested as a group. It occurs after unit testing and before validation testing. Integration testing takes as its input modules that have been unit tested, groups them in larger aggregates, applies tests defined in an integration test plan to those aggregates, and delivers as its output the integrated system ready for system testing. g. System testing Document Settings must be defined where each types of documents types consists its custom made layouts that suits business processes. Basically document layouts setup or linked to the documents setting are default document layout that are standard layout that complies with the company’s standard business process. h. Acceptance testing Testing generally involves running a suite of tests on the completed system. Each individual test, known as a case, exercises a particular operating condition of the user’s environment or features of the system, and will result in a pass or fail, or Boolean outcome. There is generally no degree of success or failure. i. Operation and maintenance In production, system requires updates, changes and maintenance from time to time so system can work properly. This phase goes on for entire life time of the system. [PFLET998] (Fig 1.0 sees at Appendix B)

Family and International Assignment Policy Essay

What Is Your Critical Evaluation of Colgate-Palmolive’s International Assignment Policy? What Are Its Strengths And Weaknesses? Colgate-Palmolive’s (C-P) international assignment policy was designed to standardize entitlements for the expatriate managers. It covered tax equalization, goods and services, housing, the actual move and settling in, sale or rental of the principle residence, relocation allowances, living expenses, education, vacation, leave, post allowance and smooth transitions (Rosenzweig, 1994). The assignment policy was progressive, permitting applicants a 5 day pre-acceptance tour. The language courses at the company’s expense were paramount. Overall, the company sought to address both the expatriate and his family’s quality of life. I subscribe to the motto: â€Å"a happy wife makes a happy life†, thus I would agree that the policy was comprehensive and supported the aforementioned and motto. Strengths included â€Å"financial parity† and the overall family and spouse assistance program. However, the greatest strength was C-P’s willingness to improve the policy and orientations based on surveys (Rosenzweig, 1994, p. 7). The only weakness I can surmise is that such a policy does not support a local indigenous applicant. What Should Colgate-Palmolive Do About the Growing Issue of Dual-Career Families? C-P has two courses of action (COA). Do not hire or address dual-career families or succumb and make the overseas assignments attractive to dual-career families. COA one would limit their candidate pool. One C-P human resource manager (HRM) stated: â€Å"the frequency of dual-career families among C-P’s young managers was a reflection of their high quality: ‘We tend to attract people who have been to graduate school and who often met their spouses at graduate school. Both spouses are educated professionals and both tend to want to pursue their careers’† (Rosenzweig, 1994, p. 9). Thus COA two would support a larger qualified candidate pool. However, there is a cost(s) associated. C-P discussed income replacement to offset the spouses lost income (Rosenzweig, 1994, p. 0), but was viewed to expensive. Others recommended C-P change the overseas perception, in lieu of a loss or sacrifice, a positive spin was placed on foreign employment. Personally, I would opt for COA one but with two additions. Transfer young single executives on shorter term assignments in support of saving costs and capitalize on modern technologies that did not exist at the time this article was published. Secure virtual training conference lines can be purchased for under $25,000 permitting daily interaction, meetings and mentoring between C-P headquarters and the expatriate manager. Lastly, C-P foreign employees may capitalize on the numerous web based social technologies such as Skype and Face Time that are now a staple communication platform. What Should an MNC Consider When Designing a Policy Regarding International Career Development? It is paramount that MNC focus on recruiting processes. A larger diverse, multi lingual applicant pool who have lived and been educated abroad would mitigate many of the culture shock experiences associated with overseas assignments. The policy development should incorporate local nationals employed by companies like C-P. In the US, we are familiar with the big Japanese motor companies like Toyota and Nissan, but we often overlook the other foreign owned companies like Pillsbury and CBS Records who employ thousands of US professionals. Ultimately, MNC must address the monetary compensation and quality of life for 2 potential candidates: host-country employees and home country employees (where the headquarters is located). Certainly, I am not naive to the fact that compensation is not easily addressed as it should conform to local laws and taxation (both host and home countries). What Should an Employee Consider When Deciding to Accept or Decline an International Assignment? How Does the Employee’s Current Career Stage Affect Such a Decision? As an active duty Soldier with family and prior overseas duty assignments, I have had given this question a great deal of thought. Certainly C-P’s policy covering areas such as tax equalization, goods and services, housing, the actual move and settling in, sale or rental of the principle residence, relocation allowances, living expenses, education, vacation, leave, post allowance and smooth transitions are important. Ultimately, it boils down to education, medical care, quality of life and face time with family. Dependent on one’s age and the age of your children, a support system for the spouse is paramount. Extended family is ideal if the expatriate will travel frequently, thus transcontinental travel, accessibility to international airports is important. Quality of education and backwards planning are important. The closer children get to high school and college age, the more important it is to be in the US with a stabilized duration of assignment.